In the Northern Hemisphere, the vernal or spring equinox, typically occurs between March 19 and 21, while the autumnal or ...

With that idea in mind, as a historian of science, my best answer to the question of what the first scientists discovered is Babylonian astronomy.

N. Strassmaier, S.J., who have explained and annotated two Babylonian calendars of the years 123 B.C. and 111 B.C. in their publication “Astrono-misches aus Babylon oder das Wissen der Chaldæer ...

Since ancient times, humans have always relied on calendars to keep track of schedules and important events. This staple has been through a massive evolution since the days of the Babylonian ...

Many calendars are based on the skies too ... This led the scribes to study astronomy. The foundation of Babylonian astronomy was kept in a book called MUL.APIN, meaning “The Plough Star ...