In humans, the anatomical position of the skull has been agreed by international convention to be the Frankfurt plane or Frankfort plane, a position in which the lower margins of the orbits, the orbitales, and the upper margins of the ear canals, the poria, all lie in the same horizontal plane.

Jun 7, 2024 · For purposes of comparison of human skulls with those of some other species, notably hominids and primates, the skulls may be studied in the Frankfurt plane; nonetheless, the Frankfurt plane is not considered to be the anatomical position for most non-primate species.

The Frankfurt plane (also called the auriculo-orbital plane) was established at the World Congress on Anthropology in Frankfurt, Germany in 1884, and decreed as the anatomical position of the human skull for comparative craniometric measurements.

the Frankfurt plane (FP) and mid-sagittal plane (MSP) of a human skull (Fig.1) is a very important task. These anatomical planes are used to define the three anatomi-cal orientations of the skull: lateral (left-right), anterior-posterior (front-back), and superior-inferior (up-down). These anatomical orientations, in turn, are used to de-

In humans, the standard anatomical position of the skull is called the Frankfurt plane. In this position, the orbitales (eye sockets), lower margins of the orbits, and the poria (ear canal upper margins) all lie in the same horizontal plane.

World Congress of Anthropologists established Reid's base line (RBL) in 1884 and decreed RBL as the anatomic position of the human skull. RBL, also called Frankfurt plane, is the line passing through the inferior border of the orbit and the upper border of the external acoustic meatus, and has been used for definition of the orientation of the ...

This paper proposes an automatic, accurate, and robust method for identifying FP and MSP of skulls. It registers a template skull model with known landmarks to a target skull to locate the landmarks, FP, and MSP on the target skull. Then, it iteratively refines the landmark locations, FP and MSP according to their medical definitions.

Dec 29, 2021 · In humans, the standard anatomical position of the skull is called the Frankfurt plane. In this position, the orbitales (eye sockets), lower margins of the orbits, and the poria (ear canal upper margins) all lie in the same horizontal plane.

Nov 15, 2024 · It is defined as the plane that passes through two specific points on the skull: the lowest point on the margin of the orbit (orbitale) and the uppermost point of the opening of the ear (tragion). When a person's head is positioned with the Frankfort Plane horizontally aligned, their head is considered in the "natural" or "neutral" position.

The standard horizontal plane defined using the right and left Tragion and the left Orbitale, when the medial plane of the head is held vertically. The anteroposterior (front to back) median plane of the body passes through Sellion and is perpendicular to Frankfurt plane and to the line between Left Tragion and Right Tragion.