Sep 30, 2021 · Feature-level fusion, also known as intermediate fusion, refers to the transformation of raw inputs into a higher-level representation by mapping them through a stack of layers. After unifying the feature representation we obtain multimodal feature maps that we can later use for recognition.

Feb 19, 2024 · Intermediate fusion is the most widely used fusion strategy. It involves processing each modality into a latent representation, fusing them, and then doing some final processing to produce the...

Jan 29, 2020 · The architecture of intermediate fusion is built on the basis of the popular deep neural network. This method is the most flexible method, allowing for data fusion at different stages of model...

Apr 24, 2024 · This survey analyzes intermediate fusion methods in collaborative perception for autonomous driving, categorized by real-world challenges. We examine various methods, detailing their features and the evaluation metrics they employ.

Nov 1, 2021 · According to the fusion level in the action recognition pipeline, we can distinguish three families of approaches: early fusion, where the raw modalities are combined ahead of feature...

Jan 21, 2025 · Our method integrates the two modalities at different stages of feature extraction, using voxel-wise fusion to exploit complementary information across varying abstraction levels while preserving spatial correlations.

Marginal intermediate fusion is also sometimes termed feature late fusion or late fusion. We categorize these methods as intermediate fusion because the inputs to the fusion layers are features, whereas late fusion is defined as the fusion of decisions by sub-models.

Multimodal deep learning methods capture synergistic features from multiple modalities and have the potential to improve accuracy for stress detection compared to unimodal methods. However, this accuracy gain typically comes from high computational cost due to the high-dimensional feature spaces, especially for intermediate fusion. Dimensionality reduction is …

Feb 9, 2023 · Feature-level fusion, also known as intermediate fusion. In intermediate fusion, the features, respective to each modality, are concatenated before classification; and intermediate fusion protocols operate on the feature map.

Abstract—This survey analyzes intermediate fusion methods in collaborative perception for autonomous driving, categorized by real-world challenges. We examine various methods, detail-ing their features and the evaluation metrics they employ.